The earliest known evidence of the domestication of Cucurbita dates back at least 8,000 years ago, predating the domestication of other crops such as maize and beans in the region by about 4,000 years.
Scholars agree that they were first domesticated from a wild form called red junglefowl, a bird that still runs wild in most of southeast Asia, most likely hybridized with the gray junglefowl.
By the Iron Age, starting in the 7th century B.C.E., the Iberian Peninsula consisted of complex agrarian and urban civilizations, either Pre-Celtic or Celtic.
The earliest known cast lead beads were found in the Çatalhöyük site in Anatolia (Turkey), and dated from about 6500 B.C.E., but the metal may have been known earlier.
Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia. It is seen as a precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization.
Ubaid culture is characterized by large unwalled village settlements, multi-roomed rectangular mud-brick houses and the appearance of the first temples of public architecture in Mesopotamia.
